Luminescence - definition
Luminescence - definition
Luminescence is the phenomenon of the emission of luminous radiation by a substance under the influence of the absorption of energy, this process not being due to the high temperature of the body as in the case of incandescence. Unlike thermal radiation, luminescence occurs due to transitions of electrons from excited states to lower energy states, during which energy is released in the form of photons.
Others may be caused by different excitation mechanisms, such as absorption of electromagnetic radiation, chemical reactions, the action of an electric field, biological phenomena or particle bombardment. Others distinguish different types of luminescence depending on the source of excitation, including fluorescence, phosphorescence, electroluminescence or bioluminescence. Each of these processes is characterised by a different emission duration and mechanism of return to the ground state.
In technical applications, luminescence is used in display technology, optoelectronic sensors, light sources, medical diagnostics and marking materials, among others. In solid state physics and quantum chemistry, the phenomenon allows the analysis of the electron structure of molecules and the properties of semiconductor materials. Luminescence is also the basis of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), semiconductor lasers and phosphors used in lamps and screens.
Luminescence characteristics, such as the wavelength of the emitted light, intensity, quantum yield and emission duration, depend on the material's physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. Studying these parameters allows luminescent materials to be fine-tuned for specific technological and scientific applications.
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