Elementary analysis - definition of
Elementary analysis - definition of
Elemental analysis is a chemical technique for qualitatively and quantitatively determining the elemental composition of a chemical substance, irrespective of its molecular structure. The process involves the identification and determination of the content of basic elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, halogens and metals, in samples of organic or inorganic origin. Elemental analysis is the foundation of analytical chemistry and materials science, providing the key data necessary for the characterisation of substances, development of empirical formulae and quality control of raw materials and finished products.
Depending on the nature of the sample under investigation, others methods of elemental analysis are used: classical combustion methods, spectrometric techniques (e.g. ICP-OES, ICP-MS, AAS) and microanalytical methods, such as CHN analysis. For organic compounds, elemental analysis usually involves the complete oxidation of the sample, followed by detection and measurement of the amount of the resulting products, such as CO₂, H₂O or NOₓ, which allows the content of the respective elements to be determined.
Modern elemental analysers use automated dosing systems, high temperature furnaces and precision gas detectors, providing high repeatability and analytical sensitivity. In environmental research, pharmaceutical, in pharmaceutical, petrochemical and biological environmental research, elemental analysis plays a key role in monitoring contaminants, assessing compound purity and identifying unknown samples. In addition,, enables tight control of process parameters in the chemical and materials industries, as an integral part of modern quality management systems.
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