Dipole antenna - definition of
Dipole antenna - definition of
Dipole antenna is one of the simplest and most commonly used antenna structures, which consists of two conductive arms placed linearly with respect to each other and fed to a central point. Its operation is based on electromagnetic phenomena, in which an alternating electric field generates magnetic field, and both these fields propagate in space in the form of radio waves. A dipole antenna converts the electrical energy supplied by a transmitter into electromagnetic waves and vice versa - it receives the radio waves, transforming them into an electrical signal.
The basic version of this antenna is the so-called. half-wave dipole, whose length corresponds to half a wavelength of the signal, for which it has been designed. It is a resonant configuration, ensuring high efficiency of operation and characteristic distribution of toroid shaped radiation. This geometry results in, that the dipole radiates energy best in the plane perpendicular to its axis, and least in the direction of the ends of the arms.
A dipole antenna can be used independently or as a component of complex antenna systems, such as directional antennas or multi-element systems. Thanks to its simple structure, predictable parameters and relatively easy tuning, it has found application in many fields - from amateur radio communication, terrestrial television, to measurement and laboratory systems.
Properties of dipole antennas, such as input impedance, bandwidth and directional characteristics, depend on its length, the height above ground and the electromagnetic environment. Others design variants are often used in engineering practice, including folding dipoles, symmetrical, asymmetrical or multiband, which allow adaptation to specific operating conditions and system requirements.
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