Antennas - definition of
Antennas - definition of
Antenna is a component of an electromagnetic system used to convert the energy of electromagnetic waves into electrical energy or vice versa, depending on the mode of operation - transmitting or receiving. It is a key component of any wireless communication system, such as radio, television, mobile telephony, satellite navigation, radar or data networks.
In transmit mode, the antenna converts an electric current, at the appropriate frequency, into an electromagnetic wave propagating in space. In receive mode it performs the opposite process - it receives electromagnetic waves and induces in its conductor a corresponding electric signal in its conductor. In both cases, the key parameter of the antenna is its matching to the signal frequency, determined by.in. by the wavelength, on which it is to operate. Antenna properties, such as radiation characteristics, impedance, energy gain, polarization or directivity, influence the effectiveness of transmission and reception of signals.
Antennas can be built in various forms, from simple structures in the form of Cables, through loops, systems with passive and active elements, through to complex structures using modern materials and beam-forming techniques. The selection of a specific Antennas depends on the technical requirements of the system, the operating environment and the desired propagation parameters. Antennas can be used individually or in groups, creating antenna systems capable of performing complex communication functions.
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