Autotransformer - definition
Autotransformer - definition
Autotransformer is a type of electrical transformer in which the primary and secondary windings form a common, physically connected coil, and the voltage difference between the input and output sides is achieved through appropriate taps on the same winding. Unlike a transformer with two separate windings, an autotransformer has only one winding, which affects its design, cost, and energy efficiency.
Thanks to the common winding, the autotransformer is characterized by a smaller mass and volume for the same rated power compared to a classic two-winding transformer. This is because part of the energy is transferred directly through electrical conduction, not solely through electromagnetic induction. Such a construction also allows for higher efficiency and better voltage regulation parameters with small differences between input and output voltage.
Autotransformers are used in applications where galvanic isolation between the primary and secondary sides is not required. They are used, among others, in motor starting systems, laboratory equipment, for voltage regulation, and in power networks for voltage transformation in the medium and high range. Their use is limited by the lack of insulation between circuits, which involves the risk of transferring disturbances or overvoltages, so their use requires careful analysis of operating and safety conditions.
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