Coaxial cable - definition
Coaxial cable - definition
Coaxial Cable is a specialised transmission cable used for the transmission of high-frequency electrical signals, whose design provides excellent protection against electromagnetic interference and minimises signal loss. It consists of a central conductor, surrounded by a dielectric insulating material, which in turn is shielded by a cylindrical screen, usually made of braided copper, aluminium foil or a combination of these materials, and the whole is covered by a layer of protective outer jacket.
The central conductor is used to transmit the signal, while the screen acts as ground and an electromagnetic barrier, reducing the radiation of the signal to the outside and preventing interference from penetrating the environment. The fixed distance between the conductor and the screen and the properties of the dielectric determine the characteristic wave impedance of the cable, which in standard applications is usually 50 Ω or 75 Ω.
Coaxial cables are widely used in telecommunications systems, TV signal transmission, CCTV systems, antenna installations and in measurement and military technology. Thanks to their properties, they allow signals to be transmitted efficiently over long distances while maintaining high data integrity. In RF and microwave systems engineering, the selection of the right type of coaxial cable is crucial to ensure adequate bandwidth, minimise attenuation and impedance matching, which affects the performance of the entire transmission system.
Advanced versions of coaxial cables can be adapted to operate in extreme environmental conditions, covering a wide temperature range, UV, moisture and chemical resistance, enabling their use in industrial, aerospace and industrial applications.
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