Piezoelectric - definition
Piezoelectric - definition
A Piezoelectric is a material that exhibits piezoelectric properties, i.e. the ability to generate an electrical charge under mechanical deformation and, conversely, to deform mechanically in response to an applied electrical field. This phenomenon is the result of the asymmetrical crystal structure of piezoelectrics, which causes ion shifts within the crystal lattice, leading to the formation of an electric dipole.
Piezoelectrics are divided into natural, such as quartz, and synthetic, including piezoelectric ceramics based on barium titanate or PZT (lead zirconate-titanate). Synthetic materials are more commonly used in engineering practice due to their high sensitivity, ability to shape properties during the manufacturing process and stability of parameters over a wide range of environmental conditions.
The piezoelectric phenomenon is used in a wide range of technical devices and systems.](/mx/en/news/library-articles/page/69810/) In the generation mode, piezoelectrics are used as pressure, vibration, sound and force sensors - for example in microphones, ultrasound detectors [, accelerometers or seismic transducers. In actuation mode, they are used as actuators in precision Actuators, inkjet printer nozzles, ultrasound generators and nanometre positioning mechanisms.
The performance characteristics of a piezoelectric depend on its chemical composition, crystal orientation, polarisation mode and mechanical conditions. An important parameter is the piezoelectric constant, which defines the relationship between the magnitude of the deformation and the generated voltage. These materials also exhibit dielectric properties and are used in capacitors, resonators and frequency filters in electronic systems.
Stability, fast response and the ability to operate under extreme conditions make piezoelectrics an indispensable component of modern sensor technology, medical, aerospace, precision mechanics and microelectronics.
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