Alternating current generator (alternator) - definition
Alternating current generator (alternator) - definition
A.C. generator (alternator) is an electrical machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the form of alternating current (AC). Its principle of operation is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, according to which an alternating magnetic field crossing the windings of a conductor results in the creation of an electromotive force, and a current flow in a closed circuit.
In a typical alternator design there are two basic components: rotor and stator. The rotor, which houses the source of the magnetic field (usually a DC-powered solenoids), rotates inside a stator containing induction windings. The rotation causes the magnetic flux in the stator windings to cycle, leading to the generation of an alternating voltage. In synchronous alternators, the frequency of the output voltage depends directly on the rotor speed and the number of magnetic pole pairs.
Alternators are commonly used in the electric power industry to generate electricity in power plants, as well as in vehicle power systems, where they provide electricity for the on-board installation and charge the battery. In automotive systems, the classic alternator is additionally equipped with a rectifier circuit that converts the generated alternating current into direct current.
Modern alternators are characterised by high efficiency, high reliability and the ability to stabilise the output voltage thanks to integrated regulators. Their design parameters - such as power rating, number of phases, cooling method and winding type - are tailored to specific applications, ranging from small auxiliary generators to large-scale turbo-generator machines in industrial power plants.
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