Linear Regulators - definition
Linear Regulators - definition
A linear regulator (linear stabiliser) is an electronic circuit used to stabilise the output voltage at a certain level, independent of changes in input voltage and load. It works on the principle of linear regulation of current flow by means of an active element, usually an active range transistor, whose resistance is varied smoothly to maintain a constant output voltage.
The basic component of a linear regulator is a voltage reference (reference) circuit, an error amplifier and a regulating element. The amplifier compares the output voltage with the reference value and, on this basis, controls the transistor to compensate for any deviation. This ensures that the output voltage remains stable, even with fluctuations in the supply voltage or changes in the connected load.
Linear regulators are characterised by simplicity of design, low noise and good dynamic response, making them particularly suitable for applications requiring a clean supply voltage, such as analogue circuits, audio systems, Measurement Sensors or RF components. However, their significant limitation is their low energy efficiency when there is a significant difference between the input and output voltage, as excess energy is converted into heat dissipated on the regulating element.
Thermal aspects such as transistor cooling and maximum power loss must be considered in the design of linear regulators. The use of a suitable Heatsinks and overload protection is crucial for the reliability and safety of the system operation. Compared to pulse regulators, linear regulators offer less electromagnetic interference, but are less energy efficient at high input currents and voltages.
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