Solid-state laser - definition
Solid-state laser - definition
Semiconductor laser is a type of laser, in which the active medium is a Semiconductor Connector that emits electromagnetic radiation as a result of the recombination of charge carriers - electrons and holes - in the Semiconductor structure. The emission process is based on the phenomenon of forced emission and the resulting radiation is coherent, monochromatic and highly directed. This phenomenon occurs under conditions of sufficient optical amplification to initiate and sustain laser operation.
Semiconductor laser structures usually use p-n connectors or more complex heterostructures in which energy is supplied by an electric current. The active medium is usually located in a quantum layer or quantum well, which allows the wavelength of the emitted light to be precisely controlled. The light wave is amplified by reflections from mirrors forming an optical resonator, which is an integral part of the chip structure.
Semiconductor lasers are characterised by their compact design, high energy efficiency and direct modulation capability, making them extremely useful in data transmission systems, fibre-optic telecommunications, optical readers, sensors and consumer electronics. Their wavelength depends on the semiconductor material used, allowing a wide spectral range from infrared to near ultraviolet.
Advanced designs such as distributed feedback lasers (DFB), VCSEL (surface emission) lasers or travelling wave lasers are also used in modern applications. Thanks to miniaturisation and integration into integrated circuits, semiconductor lasers are playing a key role in technology photonics and the development of next-generation communication and measurement systems.
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