Stator - definition

Stator is the stationary part of a rotating electrical machine, responsible for generating or receiving the magnetic field in which the rotor moves. In electric motors and generators, the stator plays a key role in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa. It usually consists of windings wound on a ferromagnetic core and a support structure to provide stability and heat dissipation.

The stator core is made of thin steel plates with high magnetic permeability, insulated from each other to minimise losses due to eddy currents. The sheet arrangement forms a package with grooves grooved into which copper or aluminium wire windings are placed. Depending on the type of machine - DC, AC, single-phase or three-phase - the configuration of the windings and how they are supplied can vary, which affects the performance characteristics of the machine.

In synchronous and asynchronous machines, the stator is responsible for generating a rotating magnetic field that causes the rotor to turn through electromagnetic phenomena such as induction or the Lorentz force. In generators, the stator acts as an electricity consumer, transforming the alternating magnetic field into a current with the appropriate parameters. Its design must ensure not only the correct magnetic properties, but also resistance to mechanical, thermal and electrical stresses, especially for long-term operation in industrial conditions.

The correct operation of the stator directly affects the energy efficiency and reliability of the entire machine. As a static element, the stator interacts with the rotor via an air gap where the transfer of magnetic energy takes place. Modern engineering solutions also take into account the requirements for minimising noise, vibration and effective cooling of the stator windings.

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