Rotor (rotor) - definition
Rotor (rotor) - definition
Rotor (rotor) is the mechanical part of rotating machinery that performs rotational motion relative to a stationary component called the stator. It is a key component of many electromechanical devices such as electric motors, generators, alternators, turbines, pumps and fans. Its primary function is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa, depending on the mode of operation of the machine.
In electrical machines, the rotor contains conductive elements or ferromagnetic material that interact with the magnetic field generated by the stator. In the case of induction motors, the rotor is usually made in the form of a cage (so-called squirrel cage) with aluminium or copper rods embedded in a steel core. In synchronous motors and generators, the rotor is equipped with excitation windings or permanent magnets that generate their own magnetic field. Rotational motion is created by electromagnetic forces according to the principle of interacting magnetic fields or electromagnetic induction.
The rotor transmits torque and is connected to a shaft that transmits mechanical energy to or from other parts of the drive system. Its design must take into account strength, dynamic and thermal requirements, especially in high-speed machines. Material properties, precise dynamic balance and a cooling system that ensures the dissipation of heat generated during operation are also important.
In the context of fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, rotor also refers to the rotating components of turbines, compressors or propellers that interact with the flowing medium - liquid or gas - converting kinetic energy into useful work or vice versa. Its geometry and blade profile determine the efficiency, flow characteristics and operating conditions of the entire rotating machine.
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