Demagnetisation - definition
Demagnetisation - definition
Demagnetisation is the process of reducing or completely removing the magnetisation of a ferromagnetic material, leading to a state in which its magnetisation is significantly weakened or disappears. This phenomenon can occur intentionally, as a controlled technological step, or unintentionally - as a result of external factors such as magnetic fields in the opposite direction, heating to Curie temperature, mechanical vibrations or material ageing.
In physical terms, demagnetisation involves the disorganisation of magnetic domains - microscopic areas whose magnetic moments were previously oriented in the same direction. This process can be realised by applying an alternating magnetic field of decreasing amplitude over time (degaussing method), which gradually extinguishes the ordering of the domains and leads to their random orientation.
Degaussing is widely used in materials, electromechanical and electronic engineering. In industry, it is used, among other things, to neutralise residual magnetic fields in steel parts after machining or welding in order to prevent the attraction of ferromagnetic contaminants, sensor interference or electromagnetic interference. In audiovisual and computer technology, demagnetisation of magnetic heads and CRT monitors was formerly used to eliminate image interference and recording errors.
From a metrology and diagnostics point of view, uncontrolled demagnetisation can lead to deterioration in the performance of permanent magnets, errors in measuring equipment or a decrease in the efficiency of electrical machines. In such cases, it is necessary to use materials with appropriate coercivity and to design systems to protect against the influence of unwanted external fields.
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