Negative feedback - definition
Negative feedback - definition
Negative feedback is a control mechanism that reverses part of the system's output signal to its input in such a way as to counteract the original control signal. In practice, this means that the feedback signal is subtracted from the input signal, leading to a stabilisation of the system's performance and reducing the influence of noise, non-linearities and changes in component parameters.
In electronics, negative feedback is used primarily in amplifier systems, Regulators and Automation systems. It allows precise shaping of the frequency response, limiting non-linear distortion and controlling gain. It allows the system to achieve greater linearity and better dynamic response, as errors between the input and output signals are automatically corrected by a self-adjusting mechanism.
This phenomenon has a basis in both circuit theory and control theory, where it is regarded as a Tools for improving the accuracy and reliability of system performance. In the context of analogue systems, a typical example of the use of negative feedback is an operational amplifier operating in an inverting or non-inverting configuration, where the feedback determines the gain and range of linear operation. In digital or mixed systems, it can occur as part of a control loop, e.g. in voltage converters or motor control systems.
A characteristic feature of negative coupling is its ability to increase the stability of the system, although at the same time it can lead to a reduction in overall gain. The balance between these properties is crucial in the design of systems that need to operate efficiently under varying environmental conditions and loads.
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