Steady state - definition
Steady state - definition
Steady state is a concept in the field of analysis of dynamic, electrical, mechanical and thermal systems, denoting such a state of operation of a system in which all variables describing its behaviour reach constant or periodically recurring values and cease to depend on time in a transient manner. In the context of system response analysis, steady state follows a transient phase in which the system responds to a change in the initial conditions or input signal.
In linear systems, steady state is achieved by a constant or periodic forcing, e.g. a sinusoidal or step voltage. Characteristically, in steady state the response of the system becomes predictable and described only by the input parameters and the properties of the system itself, regardless of the initial conditions. For systems described by differential or differential equations, this means that the general solution converges to a forced solution over time, while the free components - which depend on the initial condition - vanish.
Steady state is crucial in the analysis and design of technical devices, as it allows their performance to be assessed under nominal conditions, as well as simplifying the equations describing the behaviour of the system. In electrical engineering refers, among other things, to the stable values of voltages and currents in circuits after the transients associated with inductance and capacitance have ceased. In Automation and control theory it allows the evaluation of control accuracy and static error. For periodic systems, such as filters or power electronic converters, the steady state can be cyclic, reflecting synchronisation with the input signal.
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