LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) - definition
LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) - definition
LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) is a precision non-contact linear displacement sensor that operates on the principle of a differential transformer. Its design is based on a cylindrical ferromagnetic core that moves along an axis inside coils wound in a transformer arrangement. The secondary coils are placed symmetrically with respect to the primary coil and their output voltages are analysed differentially.
The operation of the LVDT is based on the induction of voltages in the Coils by the alternating magnetic field generated by the primary winding supplied with AC voltage. The position of the core affects the degree of magnetic coupling between the windings, causing a change in the differential voltage between the secondary coils. In the central position, these voltages are equal and opposite, resulting in a zero output signal. Moving the core to one side changes the ratio of voltages, allowing the direction and value of the displacement to be determined.
LVDTs have high sensitivity, high resolution and almost unlimited mechanical life due to the absence of friction components. It can operate in harsh environments, including high vibration, contamination and over a wide temperature range. The circuit is wear-resistant and provides linear characteristics over a wide measurement range.
LVDT-type sensors are widely used in industrial applications, Automation, materials testing and control and monitoring systems where high precision and reliability are required. When combined with suitable transducers, they can be used in both analogue and digital systems, enabling accurate real-time representation of linear motion parameters.
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