Voltmeters - definition
Voltmeters - definition
Voltmeters is a measuring instrument used to directly measure the difference of electrical potential, or voltage, between two points in an electrical circuit. The unit measured by a voltmeter is volts (V), and the device can be used in both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) circuits. The voltmeter allows the evaluation of the operation of power sources, circuit components and the voltage characteristics of electronic components and electrical components.
The main feature of a voltmeter is its high input resistance, which minimises the effect of the measurement on the system under test. As a result, the current flow through the instrument is negligible, allowing the measurement to be considered non-invasive. Voltmeters are connected in parallel to the component under test, allowing a true potential difference to be obtained without interfering with the circuit.
Voltmeters come in analogue and digital versions. Analogue versions are based on a magneto-electric mechanism (e.g. with a movable angle), where the pointer swing is proportional to the voltage. Digital voltmeters use analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs), which convert the input voltage into a numerical value presented on a display. Modern Digital Multimeters act as universal voltmeters, offering additional measurement modes, automatic range selection and data logging functions.
The accuracy of voltage measurement depends on the class of instrument, its measuring range, the frequency of the signal under test and the influence of external factors such as temperature or electromagnetic interference. Specialised applications use differential, selective, high-voltage or laboratory voltmeters with improved precision and stability. Voltmeter measurement is an essential tool in the diagnosis, design and maintenance of electrical, electronic and Automation systems.
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